[[File:Neuroethology of bat echolocation.png|thumb|蝙蝠的[[回声定位]]是'''神经行为学'''中的一个模型系统]]
'''神经行为学'''（），名称源自希腊文（[[神经]]）与（行为），是通过[[演化]]与比较等方法对动物行为及其[[神经系统]]机制进行研究的学科。<ref>Hoyle, G. (1984) The scope of Neuroethology. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. '''7''':367-412.</ref><ref>Ewert, P. (1980) Neuroethology. Springer-Verlag. New York.</ref><ref>Camhi, J. (1984) Neuroethology. Sinauer. Sunderland Mass.</ref>它是行为[[神经科学]]的一门交叉学科分支，目的是了解[[中枢神经系统]]如何将刺激转化为自然行为。例如，[[蝙蝠]]的[[听觉]]系统是如何将声音的声学性质转化以进行回声定位的。<ref>Suga, N. (1989). \"Principles of auditory information-processing derived from neuroethology.\" J Exp Biol 146: 277-86.</ref>神经行为学家希望通过对于动物的特殊行为的研究得到神经系统的普遍规律。
正如学科名称所表示的那样，这门学科是神经科学与[[行为学]]的综合。神经行为学与神经科学的其他分支相比，注重于对自然行为的研究。其中自然行为是指源自[[自然选择]]过程的行为（如求偶、飞行、行走、躲避掠食者等），而非处于病态或实验室条件下的行为。
== 注释 ==
==参考文献==
* Beer D., Randall, Roy E. Ritzmann, Thomas McKenna (1993) Biological neural networks in invertebrate neuroethology and robotics. Boston : Academic Press.
* Camhi, J.M. (1984) Neuroethology: Nerve cells and the Natural behavior of Animals, Sinauer Associates.
* Carew, T.J. (2000) Feature analysis in Toads. Behavioral Neurobiology, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, pp. 95–119.
* Carew, T.J. (2000) Behavioral neurobiology: The Cellular Organization of Natural Behavior, Sinauer Associates.
* Ewert, J.-P. (1974) The neural basis of visually guided behavior. Scientific American 230(3):34-42
* Ewert J.-P. (2004) Motion perception shapes the visual world of amphibians. In: Prete F.R. (Ed.) Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 117–160
* Hoyle, G. (1984) The scope of Neuroethology. Behavioural Brain Science 7:367-412. Graham Hoyle put forth a rather narrow definition of the goals and subject matter of neuroethology and links the field to the field of ethology. This is followed by commentaries from many prominent neuroethologists. It makes for fascinating reading.
* Metzner, W. (1993) The Jamming avoidance response in ''Eigenmannia'' is controlled by two separate motor pathways. The Journal of Neuroscience. 13(5):1862-1878
* Pfluger, H.-J. and R. Menzel (1999) Neuroethology, its roots and future. J Comp Physiol A 185:389-392.
* Zupanc, G.K.H. (2004) Behavioral Neurobiology: An Integrative Approach. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.
==外部链接==
[[Category:神经科学]] [[Category:神经行为学|神经行为学]]
==参考来源==
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%AD%A6 维基百科-神经行为学]
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