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十:真脏绝脉
=== 浮 ===
====原文====
<div style="color:#666999;">浮脉,举之有余,按之不足(《脉经》)。如微风吹鸟背上毛,厌厌聂聂(轻泛貌),如循榆荚(《素问》),如水漂木,(崔氏),如捻葱叶(黎氏)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">沉脉,重手按至筋骨乃得(《脉经》)。如绵裹砂,内刚外柔(杨氏)。如石投水,必极其底。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">迟脉,一息三至,去来极慢(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">数脉,一息六至(《脉经》)。脉流薄疾(《素问》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">滑脉,往来前却,流利展转,替替然如珠之应指(《脉经》)。漉漉如欲脱。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">涩脉,细而迟,往来难,短且散,或一止复来(《脉经》)。参伍不调(《素问》)。如轻刀刮竹(《脉诀》)。如雨沾沙,(《通真子》)。如病蚕食叶。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">虚脉,迟大而软,按之无力,隐指豁豁然空(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">实脉,浮沉皆得,脉大而长微弦,应指,逼逼然(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">长脉,不小不大,迢迢自若(朱氏)。如循长竿末梢为平;如引绳,如循长竿,为病(《素问》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">短脉,不及本位(《脉诀》)。应指而回,不能满部(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">洪脉,指下极大(《脉经》)。来盛去衰(《素问》)。来大去长(《通真子》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">微脉,极细而软,按之如欲绝,若有若无(《脉经》)。细而稍长(戴氏)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">紧脉,来往有力,左右弹人手(《素问》)。如转索无常(仲景),数如切绳(《脉经》),如纫牌线(丹溪)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">缓脉,去来小快于迟(《脉经》),一息四至(戴氏),如丝在经,不卷其轴,应指和缓,往来甚匀(张太素),如初春杨柳舞风之象(杨玄操),如微风轻拈柳梢(滑伯仁)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">芤脉,浮大而软,按之中央空,两边实(《脉经》)。中空外实,状如慈葱。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">弦脉,端直以长(《素问》),如张弓弦(《脉经》),按之不移,绰绰如按琴瑟弦(巢氏),状若箏弦(《脉诀》),从中,直过,挺然指下(《刊误》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">革脉,弦而芤(仲景),如按鼓皮(丹溪)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">牢脉,似沉似伏,实大而长,微弦(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">濡脉,极软而浮细,如帛在水中,轻手相得,按之无有(《脉经》),如水上浮沤。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">弱脉,极软而沉细,按之乃得,举手无有(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">散脉,大而散。有表无裡(《脉经》),涣漫不收(崔氏),无统纪,无拘束,至数不齐,或来多去少,或去多来少。涣散不收,如杨花散漫之象(柳氏)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">细脉,小于微而常有,细直而软,若丝线之应指(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">伏脉,重按着骨,指下裁动(《脉经》)。脉行筋下(《刊误》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">动乃数脉,见于关上下,无头尾,如豆大,厥厥动摇。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">促脉,来去数,时一止复来(《脉经》)。如蹶之趣,徐疾不常(黎氏)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">结脉,往来缓,时一止复来(《脉经》)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">代脉,动而中止,不能自还,因而复动(仲景)。脉至还入尺,良久方来(吴氏)。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脉乃血脉,气血之先。血之隧道,气息应焉。其象法地,血之府也。心合之也,皮之部也。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">资始于肾,资生于胃。阳中之阴,本乎营卫。营者阴血,卫者阳气。营行脉中,卫行脉外。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脉不自行,随气而至。气动脉应,阴阳之义。气如橐钥,血如波澜。血脉气息,上下循环。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">十二经中,皆有动脉,惟手术太阴,寸口取决。此经属肺,上系吭嗌。脉之大会,息之出入。一呼一吸,四至为则。日夜一万,三千五百。一呼一吸,脉行六寸。日夜八百,十丈为准。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">初持脉时,令仰其掌。掌后高骨,是谓关上。关前为阳,关后为阴。阳寸阴尺,先后推寻。寸口无脉,求之臂外,是谓反关,本不足怪。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">心肝居左,肺脾居右。肾与命门,居两尺部。左为人迎,右为气口。神门决断,两在关后。人无二脉,病死不救。左大顺男,右大顺女。男女脉同,惟尺则异。阳弱阴盛,反此病至。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脉有七诊,曰浮、中、沉。上、下、左、右,消息求寻。又有九候,举按轻重。三部浮沉,各候五动。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">寸候胸上,关候膈下。尺候于脐,下至跟踝。左脉候左,右脉候右。病随所在,不病者否。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">浮为心肺,沉为肾肝。脾胃中州,浮沉之间。心脉之浮,浮大而散。肺脉之浮,浮涩而短。肝脉之沉,沉而长弦。肾脉之沉,沉实而软。脾胃脉来,总宜和缓。命门元阳,两尺同断。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">春弦夏洪,秋毛冬石。四季和缓,是谓平脉。太过实强,病生于外。不及虚微,病生于内。四时百病,胃气为本。脉贵有神,不可不审。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">调停自气,呼吸定息。四至五至,平和之则。三至为迟,迟则为冷。六至为数,数即热証。转迟转冷,转数转热。迟数既明,浮沉当别。浮沉迟数,辨内外因。外因于天,内因于人。天有阴阳,风雨晦冥。人喜怒忧,思悲恐惊。外因之浮,则为表証。沉裡迟阴,数则阳盛。内因之浮,虚风所为。沉气迟冷,数热何疑。浮数表热,沉数裡热。浮迟表虚,沉迟冷结。表裡阴阳,风气冷热。辨内外因,脉証参别。脉理浩繁,总括于四。既得提纲,引申触类。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">浮脉法天,轻手可得,泛泛在上,如水漂木,有力洪大,来盛去悠,无力虚大,迟而且柔,虚甚则散,涣漫不收。有边无中,其名曰芤。芤而急弦,革脉使然。浮小而濡,绵浮水面。濡甚则微,不任寻按。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">沉脉法地,近于筋骨,深深在下,沉极为伏,有力为牢,实大弦长,牢甚则实,逼逼而强,无力为弱,柔小如绵,弱甚则细,如蛛丝然。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">迟脉属阴,一息三至,小快于迟,缓才及四,二损一败,病不可治,两息夺精,脉已无气,浮大虚散,或见芤革,浮小濡微,沉小细弱,迟细为涩,往来极难,结则来缓,止而复来,代则来缓,止不能回。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">数脉属阳,六至一息,七疾八极,九至为脱。浮大者洪,沉大牢实,往来流利,是谓之滑,有力为紧,弹如转索,数见寸口,有止为促,数见关中,动脉可候,厥厥动摇,状如小豆。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">长则气治,过于本位,长而端直,弦脉应指,短则气病,不能满部,不见于关,惟尺寸候。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">一脉一形,各有主病,数脉相兼,则见诸証,浮脉主表,裡必不足,有力风热,无力血弱,浮迟风虚,浮数风热,浮紧风寒,浮缓风湿,浮虚伤暑,浮芤失血,浮洪虚火,浮微劳极,浮濡阴虚,浮散虚剧,浮弦痰饮,浮滑痰热。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">沉脉主裡,主寒主积,有力痰食,无力气郁,沉迟虚寒,沉数热伏,沉紧冷痛,沉缓水蓄,沉牢痼冷,沉实热极,沉弱阴虚,沉细痺湿,沉弦饮痛,沉滑宿食,沉伏吐利,阴毒聚积。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">迟脉主脏,阳气伏潜,有力为痛,无力虚寒,数脉主腑,主吐主狂,有力为热,无力为疮。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">滑脉主痰,或伤于食,下为蓄血,上为吐逆。涩脉少血,或中寒湿,反胃结肠,自汗厥逆。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">弦脉主饮,病属胆肝,弦数多热,弦迟多寒,浮弦支饮,沉弦悬痛,阳弦头痛,阴弦腹痛。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">紧脉主寒,又主诸痛,浮紧表寒,沉紧裡痛。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">长脉气平,短脉气病,细则气少,大则病进,浮长风痫,沉短宿食,血虚脉虚,气实脉实,洪脉为热,其阴则虚,细脉为湿,其血则虚。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">缓大者风,缓细者湿,缓涩血少,缓滑内热,濡小阴虚,弱小阳竭,阳竭恶寒,阴虚发热,阳微恶寒,阴微发热,男微虚损,女微泻血,阳动汗出,阴动发热,为痛与惊,崩中失血,虚寒相搏,其名为革,男子失精,女子失血。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">阳盛则促,肺痈阳毒,阴盛则结,疝瘕积郁,代则气衰,或泄脓血,伤寒心悸,女胎三月。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脉之主病,有宜不宜,阴阳顺逆,凶吉可推,中风浮缓,急实则忌,浮滑中痰,沉迟中气,尸厥沉滑,卒不知人,入脏身冷,入腑身温。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">风伤于卫,浮缓有汗,寒伤于营,浮紧无汗,暑伤于气,脉虚身热,湿伤于血,脉缓细涩,伤寒热病,脉喜浮洪,沉微涩小,証反必凶,汗后脉静,身凉则安,汗后脉躁,热甚必难。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">饮食内伤,气口急滑,劳倦内伤,脾脉大弱,欲知是气,下手脉沉,沉极则伏,涩弱久深,火郁多沉,滑痰紧食。气涩血芤,数火细湿,滑主多痰,弦主留饮,热则滑数,寒则弦紧,浮滑兼风,沉滑兼气,食伤短疾,湿留濡细。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">疟脉自弦,弦数者热,弦迟者寒,代散者折,泄泻下痢,沉小滑弱,实大浮洪,发热则恶,呕吐反胃,浮滑者昌,弦数紧涩,结肠者亡,霍乱之候,脉代勿讶,厥逆迟微,是则可怕。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">咳嗽多浮,聚肺关胃,沉紧小危,浮濡易治,喘急息肩,浮滑者顺,沉涩肢寒,散脉逆証。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">病热有火,洪数可医,沉微无火,无根者危,骨蒸发热,脉数而虚,热而涩小,必殞其躯,劳极诸虚,浮软微弱,土败双弦,火炎急数。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">诸病失血,脉必见芤,缓小可喜,数大可忧,瘀血内蓄,却宜牢大,沉小涩微,反成其害。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">遗精白浊,微涩而弱,火盛阴虚,芤濡洪数,三消之脉,浮大者生,细小微涩,形脱可惊,小便淋闭,鼻头色黄,涩小无血,数大何妨,大便燥结,须分气血,阳数而实,阴迟而涩。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">癲乃重阴,狂乃重阳,浮洪吉兆,沉急凶殃,痫脉宜虚,实急者恶,浮阳沉阴,滑痰热数。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">喉痺之脉,数热迟寒,缠喉走马,微伏则难,诸风眩晕,有火有痰,左涩死血,右大虚看,头痛多弦,浮风紧寒,热洪湿细,缓滑厥痰,气虚弦软,血虚微涩,肾厥弦坚,真痛短涩。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">心腹之痛,其类有九,细迟从吉,浮大延久,疝气弦急,积聚在裡,牢急者生,弱急者死,腰痛之脉,多沉而弦,兼浮者风,兼紧者寒,弦滑痰饮,濡细肾着,大乃肾虚,沉实闪肭。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脚气有四,迟寒数热,浮滑者风,濡细者湿,痿病肺虚,脉多微缓,或涩或紧,或细或濡,风寒湿气,合而为痺,浮涩而紧,三脉乃备,五疸实热,脉必洪数,涩微属虚,切忌发渴。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">脉得诸沉,责其有水,浮气与风,沉石或裡,沉数为阳,沉迟为阴,浮大出厄,虚小可惊,胀满脉弦,土製于木,湿热数洪,阴寒迟热,浮为虚满,紧则中实,浮大可治,虚小危极。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">五脏为积,六腑为聚,实强者生,沉细者死,中恶腹胀,紧细者生,脉若浮大,邪气已深。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">痈疽浮散,恶寒发热,若有痛处,痈疽所发,脉数发热,而痛者阳,不数不热,不疼阴疮,未溃痈疽,不怕洪大,已溃痈疽,洪大可怕。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">肺痈已成,寸数而实,肺痿之形,数而无力,肺痈色白,脉宜短涩,不宜浮大,唾糊呕血,肠痈实热,滑数可知,数而不热,关脉芤虚,微涩而紧,未脓当下,紧数脓成,切不可下。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">妇人之脉,以血为本,血旺易胎,气旺难孕,少阴动甚,谓之有子,尺脉滑利,妊娠可喜,滑疾不散,胎必三月,但疾不散,五月可别,左疾为男,右疾为女,女腹如箕,男腹如釜,欲產之脉,其至离经,水下乃產,未下勿惊,新產之脉,缓滑为吉,实大弦牢,有証则逆。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">小儿之脉,七至为平,更察色証,与虎口纹。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">奇经八脉,其诊又别,直上直下,浮则为督,牢则为冲,紧则任脉,寸左右弹,阳蹺可决,尺左右弹,阴蹺可别,关左右弹,带脉当诀,尺外斜上,至寸阴维。尺内斜上,至寸阳维。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">督脉为病,脊强癫痫,任脉为病,七疝瘕坚,冲脉为病,逆气裡急,带主带下,脐痛精失,阳维寒热,目眩僵仆,阴维心痛,胸胁刺筑,阳蹺为病,阳缓阴急,阴蹺为病,阴缓阳急,癫痫掣纵,寒热恍惚,八脉脉証,各有所属。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">病脉既明,吉凶当别,经脉之外,又有真脉,肝绝之脉,循刀责责,心绝之脉,转豆躁疾,脾则雀啄,如屋之漏,如水之流,如杯之覆,肺绝如毛,无根萧索,麻子动摇,浮波之合,肾脉将绝,至如省客,来如弹石,去如解索,命脉将绝,虾游鱼翔,至如涌泉,绝在膀胱,真脉既形,胃已无气,参察色証,断之斯易。</div>
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<div style="color:#666999;">阳病见阴,病必危殆。阴病见阳,虽困无害。上不至关,阴气已绝。下不至关,阳气已竭。伏脉止歇,脏绝倾危。散脉无根,形损难医。</div>
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