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'''DNA甲基化'''（）为[[DNA]][[化学修饰]]的一种形式，能在不改变[[DNA序列]]的前提下，改变[[遗传]]表现。为外遗传编码（epigenetic code）的一部分，是一种[[外遗传学|外遗传]]机制。DNA甲基化过程会使甲基添加到DNA[[分子]]上，例如在[[胞嘧啶]]环的5'碳上：这种[[方向性|5'方向]]的DNA甲基化方式可见于所有[[脊椎动物]]。
在人类[[细胞]]内，大约有1%的DNA碱基受到了[[甲基化]]。在成熟体[[细胞组织]]中，DNA甲基化一般发生于[[CpG位置|CpG]]双[[核苷酸]]（CpG dinucleotide）部位；而非CpG甲基化则于[[胚胎干细胞]]中较为常见<ref name="meth1">
{{cite journal en|
title=De novo methylation of MMLV provirus in embryonic stem cells: CpG versus non-CpG methylation|
journal=Science Direct|
last=Dodge|
first=Jonathan E.|
coauthors=Bernard H. Ramsahoyeb, Z. Galen Woa, Masaki Okanoa, En Li|
year=2002|
month=May|
url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T39-45M0ST7-1&_user=429752&_coverDate=05%2F01%2F2002&_alid=358269855&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4941&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000020578&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=429752&md5=c86a18d5aa4c5f0624fb2ed05f841f23
}}
</ref> <ref name="meth2">
{{cite journal en|
title=Allele-Specific Non-CpG Methylation of the Nf1 Gene during Early Mouse Development|
journal=Science Direct|
last=Haines|
first=Thomas R. |
coauthors=Rodenhiser, David I.; Ainsworth, Peter J. |
year=2001|
month=Dec|
url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDG-458PBP2-7N&_coverDate=12%2F15%2F2001&_alid=358269881&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=6766&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000020578&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=429752&md5=2d977fb92b933b13f49dcdcc56be5efb
}}
</ref>。植物体内胞嘧啶的甲基化则可分为对称的CpG（或CpNpG），或是不对称的CpNpNp形式（C与G是碱基；p是[[磷酸根]]；N指的是任意的核苷酸）。
特定胞嘧碇受甲基化的情形，可利用[[亚硫酸盐]]定序（bisulfite sequencing）方式测定。DNA甲基化可能使[[基因]]沉默化，进而使其失去功能。此外，也有一些生物体内不存在DNA甲基化作用。
== 参考文献 ==
== 延伸阅读 ==
* Elias Daura-Oller, Maria Cabre, Miguel A Montero, Jose L Paternain, and Antoni Romeu (2009)"Specific gene hypomethylation and cancer: New insights into coding region feature trends". Bioinformation. 2009; 3(8): 340–343.PMID PMC2720671
* Shen, L. & Waterland, R.A. (2008): ''Methods of DNA methylation analysis.'' In: ''Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care.'' 10(5):576–581. PMID 17693740
* Beck, S. & Rakyan, V.K. (2008): ''The methylome: approaches for global DNA methylation profiling.'' In: ''Trends Genet.'' 24(5):231–237. PMID 18325624
* Shames, D.S. et al.'' (2007): ''DNA methylation in health, disease, and cancer.'' In: ''Curr. Mol. Med.'' 7(1):85–102. PMID 17311535 [http://bentham.org/cmm/sample/cmm7-1/0008M.pdf PDF]
* Patra, S. K. (2008) Ras regulation of DNA-methylation and cancer. Exp Cell Res 314(6): 1193-1201.
* Patra, S.K., Patra, A., Ghosh, T. C. et al. (2008) Demethylation of (cytosine-5-C-methyl) DNA and regulation of transcription in the epigenetic pathways of cancer development Cancer Metast. Rev. 27(2): 315-334
== 外部连结 ==
*[http://www.methdb.net/ DNA Methylation database]
*
[[Category:DNA]]
[[Category:表观遗传学]]
==参考来源==
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96 维基百科-DNA甲基化]
== 百科帮你涨知识 ==
[http://www.zk120.com/ji/ 查找更多中医古籍]
[http://www.zk120.com/an/ 查找更多名老中医的医案]
[http://www.zk120.com/fang/ 查找更多方剂]
在人类[[细胞]]内，大约有1%的DNA碱基受到了[[甲基化]]。在成熟体[[细胞组织]]中，DNA甲基化一般发生于[[CpG位置|CpG]]双[[核苷酸]]（CpG dinucleotide）部位；而非CpG甲基化则于[[胚胎干细胞]]中较为常见<ref name="meth1">
{{cite journal en|
title=De novo methylation of MMLV provirus in embryonic stem cells: CpG versus non-CpG methylation|
journal=Science Direct|
last=Dodge|
first=Jonathan E.|
coauthors=Bernard H. Ramsahoyeb, Z. Galen Woa, Masaki Okanoa, En Li|
year=2002|
month=May|
url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T39-45M0ST7-1&_user=429752&_coverDate=05%2F01%2F2002&_alid=358269855&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4941&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000020578&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=429752&md5=c86a18d5aa4c5f0624fb2ed05f841f23
}}
</ref> <ref name="meth2">
{{cite journal en|
title=Allele-Specific Non-CpG Methylation of the Nf1 Gene during Early Mouse Development|
journal=Science Direct|
last=Haines|
first=Thomas R. |
coauthors=Rodenhiser, David I.; Ainsworth, Peter J. |
year=2001|
month=Dec|
url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDG-458PBP2-7N&_coverDate=12%2F15%2F2001&_alid=358269881&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=6766&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000020578&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=429752&md5=2d977fb92b933b13f49dcdcc56be5efb
}}
</ref>。植物体内胞嘧啶的甲基化则可分为对称的CpG（或CpNpG），或是不对称的CpNpNp形式（C与G是碱基；p是[[磷酸根]]；N指的是任意的核苷酸）。
特定胞嘧碇受甲基化的情形，可利用[[亚硫酸盐]]定序（bisulfite sequencing）方式测定。DNA甲基化可能使[[基因]]沉默化，进而使其失去功能。此外，也有一些生物体内不存在DNA甲基化作用。
== 参考文献 ==
== 延伸阅读 ==
* Elias Daura-Oller, Maria Cabre, Miguel A Montero, Jose L Paternain, and Antoni Romeu (2009)"Specific gene hypomethylation and cancer: New insights into coding region feature trends". Bioinformation. 2009; 3(8): 340–343.PMID PMC2720671
* Shen, L. & Waterland, R.A. (2008): ''Methods of DNA methylation analysis.'' In: ''Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care.'' 10(5):576–581. PMID 17693740
* Beck, S. & Rakyan, V.K. (2008): ''The methylome: approaches for global DNA methylation profiling.'' In: ''Trends Genet.'' 24(5):231–237. PMID 18325624
* Shames, D.S. et al.'' (2007): ''DNA methylation in health, disease, and cancer.'' In: ''Curr. Mol. Med.'' 7(1):85–102. PMID 17311535 [http://bentham.org/cmm/sample/cmm7-1/0008M.pdf PDF]
* Patra, S. K. (2008) Ras regulation of DNA-methylation and cancer. Exp Cell Res 314(6): 1193-1201.
* Patra, S.K., Patra, A., Ghosh, T. C. et al. (2008) Demethylation of (cytosine-5-C-methyl) DNA and regulation of transcription in the epigenetic pathways of cancer development Cancer Metast. Rev. 27(2): 315-334
== 外部连结 ==
*[http://www.methdb.net/ DNA Methylation database]
*
[[Category:DNA]]
[[Category:表观遗传学]]
==参考来源==
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96 维基百科-DNA甲基化]
== 百科帮你涨知识 ==
[http://www.zk120.com/ji/ 查找更多中医古籍]
[http://www.zk120.com/an/ 查找更多名老中医的医案]
[http://www.zk120.com/fang/ 查找更多方剂]
