膜蛋白质
来自中医百科
膜蛋白()是指能够结合或整合到细胞或细胞器的膜上的蛋白质的总称。而细胞中一半以上的蛋白质可以与膜以不同形式结合。根据与膜结合强度的不同，膜蛋白可以被分为两类：外周膜蛋白和内在膜蛋白。
主要类型
- 内在膜蛋白是整合于膜上的蛋白质，总是与膜结合在一起。可以定义为需要通过人工加入去垢剂（如SDS或Triton X-100）或其他非极性溶剂才能够从膜中分离出来的蛋白质。内在膜蛋白还可以根据与双分子膜之间结合关系的差异细分为：
- 跨膜蛋白，顾名思义即跨越膜的两端的蛋白质，其跨膜部分为β桶或α螺旋结构；
- 单向内在膜蛋白，其只从一个方向（膜外或膜内）与膜结合，虽然部分插入膜中，但不跨膜。
- 外周膜蛋白是能够暂时与膜或内在膜蛋白结合的蛋白质，主要是通过疏水、静电和其他非共价相互作用来进行结合，这种结合可以通过加入极性试剂，如高pH或高盐溶液来破坏。
内在膜蛋白和外周膜蛋白都可以被翻译后修饰，如加上脂肪酸链和异戊二烯化（Prenylation），有助于与脂膜的结合。
延伸阅读
- Protein-lipid interactions (Ed. L.K. Tamm) Wiley, 2005.
- Popot J-L. and Engelman D.M. 2000. Helical membrane protein folding, stability, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 881-922.
- Bowie J.U. 2005. Solving the membrane protein folding problem. Nature 438: 581-589.
- Cho, W. and Stahelin, R.V. 2005. Membrane-protein interactions in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 34: 119–151.
- Goni F.M. 2002. Non-permanent proteins in membranes: when proteins come as visitors. Mol. Membr. Biol. 19: 237-245.
- Johnson J.E. and Cornell R.B. 1999. Amphitropic proteins: regulation by reversible membrane interactions. Mol. Membr. Biol. 16: 217-235.
- Seaton B.A. and Roberts M.F. Peripheral membrane proteins. pp. 355-403. In Biological Membranes (Eds. K. Mertz and B.Roux), Birkhauser Boston, 1996.
外部链接
组织
- Membrane Protein Structural Dynamics Consortium
- Transmembrane Protein Center at University of Wisconsin-Madison
膜蛋白质数据库
- List of transmembrane proteins of known 3D structure
- TCDB - Transporter Classification database
- Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database 3D structures of integral and peripheral membrane proteins arranged in the lipid bilayer
- Membrane PDB Database of 3D structures of integral membrane proteins and hydrophobic peptides with an emphasis on crystallization conditions
- Protein Data Bank of Transmembrane Proteins 3D models of all transmembrane proteins currently in PDB. Approximate positions of membrane boundary planes were calculated for each PDB entry.
- TransportDB Genomics-oriented database of transporters from TIGR
- Membrane targeting domains (MeTaDoR)
延伸阅读
- The Human Membrane Proteome - A comprehensive article covering the transmembrane protein component of the human proteome
这是一篇与医籍相关的条目。推荐您访问中医智库，阅读《膜蛋白质》经典原文。
