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===文献书目===
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2004, February 7). [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543886 Islamic ruling on female circumcision]. Retrieved March 29, 2006.
* Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2004, December 13). [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503548446 Circumcision: Juristic, medical & social perspectives]. Retrieved March 29, 2006.
* Boyle, E. H. (2002). ''Female genital cutting: Cultural conflict in the global community''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7063-7.
* [[Kathy Dettwyler|Dettwyler, Katherine A.]] (1994). ''Dancing skeletons: life and death in West Africa''. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press. ISBN 0-88133-748-X.
* Ferguson, I and Ellis, P. (1995). ''Female Genital Mutilation: a Review of the Current Literature'' Department of Justice, Canada. [http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/1995/wd95-15a.pdf Working document]
* Gruenbaum, E. (2001). ''The female circumcision controversy''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1746-9.
* Hoffman, B. (2002). ''[http://www.berkeleymedia.com/catalog/berkeleymedia/films/anthropology_world_cultures/african_studies/womanhood_and_circumcision_three_maasai_women_have_their_say Womanhood and Circumcision: Three Maasai women have their say]''. Berkeley: Berkeley Media.
* Hrzán, Daniela. (Re)Discovering FGC: Anthropology, Whiteness, Feminism. In: Tißberger, Martina/ Dietze, Gabriele/ Hrzán, Daniela/ Husmann-Kastein, Jana (eds.). Weiß – Weißsein – Whiteness: Kritische Studien zu Gender und Rassismus/Critical Studies on Gender and Racism. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 2006, pp. 113–142.
* Johnson, Michelle C. (2000). Becoming a Muslim, Becoming a person: Female 'circumcision', religious identity, and personhood in Guinea-Bissau. In B. Shell-Duncan & Y. Herlund (Eds.), ''Female circumcision in Africa: Culture, controversy, and change''. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
* Kandela, P. (1995, January). [http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/310/6971/12 Egypt sees U turn on female circumcision]. ''British Medical Journal, 310'', 12.
* Kassindja, F. (1998). ''Do they hear you when you cry''. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-38531-832-4.
* Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf (2003). The health consequences of female circumcision: Science, advocacy, and standards of evidence. ''Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17''(3), 394-412. PMID 12974204.
* Pieters, G., & Lowenfels A. B. (1977). Infibulation in the horn of Africa. ''New York State Journal of Medicine, 77''(5), 729-31. PMID 265433.
* Research papers from medical gynecologists, judges, linguistics, and social scientists on the subject (1994). [[University of Khartoum]], [[Sudan]]. [http://www.umatia.org/papers.htm Umm Atteya Organization website] (Arabic). Retrieved March 29, 2006.
* UNICEF (1999). ''Consultation on the elimination of female genital mutilation: 14 December-16 December 1998''. New York: Author. 40 pp.
* World Health Organization. (1996). ''Female genital mutilation: Report of a WHO Technical Working Group'' (unpublished document [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1996/WHO_FRH_WHD_96.10.pdf WHO/FRH/WHD/96.10]). Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved 2007-02-21.</div>
===出版物===
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[Sami A. Aldeeb|Aldeeb, Sami]] (2000). Male and Female Circumcision in the Jewish, Christian and Muslim Communities, Religious debate. Beirut, ISBN 1855134063.
*Daw, E. (1970). Female circumcision and infibulation complicating delivery. ''Practitioner, 204''(222), 559-63. .
*Dewhurst, C.J., & Michelson, A. (1964). Infibulation complicating pregnancy. ''British Medical Journal, 2''(5422), 1442. .
*Dirie, Waris (2001). ''Desert Flower''. Autobiography of a Somali woman's journey from nomadic tribal life to a career as a fashion model in London and to the post of special ambassador at the United Nations. Dirie recounts her personal experience with female genital mutilation that began with circumcision at age five.
*Leonard, Lori (2000). We did it for pleasure only: Hearing alternative tales of female circumcision. ''Qualitative Inquiry, 6''(2), 212-228.
*Mernissi, Fatima. ''Beyond the veil: Male-female dynamics in a modern Muslim society''. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Pub. Co. ISBN 0-470-59613-9.
*Mustafa, Asim Zaki (1966). Female circumcision and infibulation in the Sudan. ''Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 73''(2), 302–306. .
*Robinett, Patricia (2006). ''The rape of innocence: One woman's story of female genital mutilation in the USA''. N.p.: Aesculapius Press. ISBN 1-878411-04-7.</div>
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