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===文献书目===

* Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2004, February 7). [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503543886 Islamic ruling on female circumcision]. Retrieved March 29, 2006.

* Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2004, December 13). [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503548446 Circumcision: Juristic, medical & social perspectives]. Retrieved March 29, 2006.

* Hoffman, B. (2002). ''[http://www.berkeleymedia.com/catalog/berkeleymedia/films/anthropology_world_cultures/african_studies/womanhood_and_circumcision_three_maasai_women_have_their_say Womanhood and Circumcision: Three Maasai women have their say]''. Berkeley: Berkeley Media.

* Hrzán, Daniela. (Re)Discovering FGC: Anthropology, Whiteness, Feminism. In: Tißberger, Martina/ Dietze, Gabriele/ Hrzán, Daniela/ Husmann-Kastein, Jana (eds.). Weiß – Weißsein – Whiteness: Kritische Studien zu Gender und Rassismus/Critical Studies on Gender and Racism. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 2006, pp. 113–142.

* Johnson, Michelle C. (2000). Becoming a Muslim, Becoming a person: Female 'circumcision', religious identity, and personhood in Guinea-Bissau. In B. Shell-Duncan & Y. Herlund (Eds.), ''Female circumcision in Africa: Culture, controversy, and change''. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

* Kandela, P. (1995, January). [http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/310/6971/12 Egypt sees U turn on female circumcision]. ''British Medical Journal, 310'', 12.

===出版物===

* [[Sami A. Aldeeb|Aldeeb, Sami]] (2000). Male and Female Circumcision in the Jewish, Christian and Muslim Communities, Religious debate. Beirut, ISBN 1855134063.

*Daw, E. (1970). Female circumcision and infibulation complicating delivery. ''Practitioner, 204''(222), 559-63. .